http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.01.012
0926-9851/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Applied Geophysics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jappgeo
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ABSTRACT
The integration of geological and multi-electrode resistivity surveys has been carried out in Kampung Rahmat village and its vicinity, in Jeli district, Kelantan, Malaysia as part of the groundwater resources exploration for rural water supply. A geological survey in the study area has shown that the area consists of some topographic units: mountainous area, hilly area, and low-lying to undulating area. The study area is lithologically composed of granitic rocks (megacrystic biotite granite porphyry) overlain by Quaternary alluvial deposits (with weathered granite). For the multi-electrode resistivity survey, the Schlumberger array with a maximumelectrode spread of 200 m was conducted by employing three resistivity survey lines, where data were collected by using the ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000 and ABEM LUND ES464 electrode selector system, and processed by using RES2DINV software. The images were presented in the form of two-dimensional (2D) resistivity profiles providing a clear view of the distribution of granitic rock basement and alluvial deposits (with the weathered granite) as well as potential groundwater zones. The results showthat the study area has potential groundwater resources existing in the alluvium which become the unconfined aquifers. The combination between these two methods is reliable and successful in identifying potentially favorable zones for obtaining groundwater in the study area. Water is a unique property of the Earth and very important to every living organism. Water is found in many places in the world including oceans, rivers, lakes, polar ice, rain, and groundwater. In addition to the volumes represented by oceans and polar ice, groundwater is another most significant source. Groundwater makes up only 0.61% of the total distribution of the world water supply and is approximately 50 to 70 times more plentiful than surface water (Fetter, 1980). In Malaysia, b10% of the present water use is developed from groundwater resources. The use of groundwater for domestic purposes is mainly confined to rural and remote areas, where there is no piped water supply. The exception is only in the state of Kelantan where groundwater supplies N70% of the public water supply of the state (Abdullah, 2010). Since the state of Kelantan is still facing some water problems, such as lowquality of surface water resources, the groundwater demand increases significantly. Rural areas in Kelantan, such as Kampung Rahmat village and its vicinity which become the present
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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1. INTRODDUCTION
Water is a unique property of the Earth and very important to every living organism. Water is found in many places in the world including oceans, rivers, lakes, polar ice, rain, and groundwater. In addition to the volumes represented by oceans and polar ice, groundwater is another most significant source. Groundwater makes up only 0.61% of the total distribution of the world water supply and is approximately 50 to 70 times more plentiful than surface water (Fetter, 1980).
In Malaysia, <10% of the present water use is developed from groundwater resources. The use of groundwater for domestic purposes is mainly confined to rural and remote areas, where there is no piped water supply. The exception is only in the state of Kelantan where groundwater supplies >70% of the public water supply of the state (Abdullah, 2010). Since the state of Kelantan is still facing some water problems, such as lowquality of surface water resources, the groundwater demand increases significantly. Rural areas in Kelantan, such as Kampung Rahmat village and its vicinity which become the present study area, also need groundwater for their daily uses by obtaining it from shallow dug wells.
Many research works on groundwater investigation using a multielectrode resistivity survey have been carried out so far all over the world until the last decade, such as Owen and Gwavava (2005), Ewusi et al. (2009), Muchingami et al. (2012), and Redhaounia et al. (2016). This study aims to determine the potential groundwater zones by using a combination of geological survey and multi-electrode resistivity survey in the study area. This study is important as the demand for the clean water supply is increasing due to the population growth of the area.
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2. STUDY AREA
The study area is Kampung Rahmat village and surrounding villages located in Jeli district, just near the border of Jeli district and Tanah Merah district, in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia (coordinates: 5° 45′ 55″–5° 48′ 35″ N, 101° 53′ 00″–101° 55′ 50″ E). The study area is also close to the Malaysia–Thailand border (Fig. 1). This study area is a sparsely populated rural region with underdeveloped infrastructures and services and has been identified as a clean water shortage area especially during periods of drought.
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3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Geological and geophysical surveys were conducted in the study area to identify the groundwater potentials of the area. The geological survey was aimed at identifying and mapping the geomorphological and geological features, mainly landform units and lithologic units exposed in the study area.
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